B-cell response, helper T cells, and cytotoxic cells are prompted by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines such as BNT1626b2 (i.e., Pfizer/BioNTech vaccine) and mRNA1273 (i.e., Moderna vaccine).

There were 128 vaccines under clinical development as of 22 October 2021, with another 194 in the pre-clinical stage. To prevent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection or to lessen the severity of the disease, with the ultimate aim of reducing mortality and morbidity, researchers have investigated a variety of platforms for vaccine development, including protein-based and viral-based vaccines. Inactivated vaccines showed the lowest IR of arrhythmia.ĭifferent treatment options have been investigated since the inception of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in late 2019, including immunotherapy, nucleoside analogs, and others. mRNA vaccines were associated with a higher IR of arrhythmia compared to vector-based vaccines. The current evidence shows that the incidence rate (IR) of cardiac arrhythmia post-COVID-19 vaccination is rare and ranges between 1 and 76 per 10,000.

Likewise, Pfizer, Moderna, and AstraZeneca showed a higher IRR than Sinopharm (7.3-times, 25.3-times, and 1.3-times higher). Compared to CoronaVac, Pfizer, Moderna, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm had a higher incidence ratio rate (IRR 22-times, 76-times, 4-times, and 3-times higher), respectively. Seventeen studies (n = 567,033,087 patients) were included. Comprehensive Meta-analysis and Review Manager 5.4.1 were used for all the statistical analyses.

MEDLINE, via PubMed and OVID, Scopus, CENTRAL, and Web of Science were searched using the relevant keywords to identify the relevant citations. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize the current evidence regarding the association between coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination and the risk of cardiac arrhythmia.

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